Tag: Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy is commonly fission; however, fusion is nearing commercialisation. Scientific processes with engineering and project delivery skills. A low carbon energy source, good for the environment, offering a long-term sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.

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Bulgaria Bets Big on SMRs for a Clean Energy Future

Bulgaria is charting a bold course in its nuclear landscape by embracing Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) not just as power plants, but as catalysts for energy security, decarbonisation, and high-tech growth. The spotlight is on the BWRX‑300 design from GE Vernova Hitachi, and several recent developments make this an especially exciting moment for the sector.

A Strategic Joint Venture to Launch SMRs

New JV is linked to Poland’s Synthos Green Energy (SGE) and Bulgaria’s Blue Bird Energy (BBE), a consortium anchored by Glavbolgarstroy and Asarel‑Medet, have signed a letter of intent to create a joint venture targeting up to six BWRX‑300 units in Bulgaria.

These 300 MWe reactors, harnessing passive safety and natural circulation, leverage the proven design lineage of the conventional ESBWR, offering a compact yet robust addition to Bulgaria’s nuclear fleet.

The JV’s mandate is extensive and incorporates site selection and licensing to construction, funding, and operation, designed to jumpstart a domestic SMR ecosystem.

There’s high-level momentum & global backing for Bulgaria as well as diplomatic synergy from Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov and Energy Minister Zhecho Stankov engaged with GE Vernova’s Roger Martella, first in New York and later in Sofia, to explore partnerships.

These discussions followed an MoU from August 2024 between Bulgarian Energy Holding and GE Hitachi, laying a groundwork for BWRX‑300 development

With cross-border cooperation with a U.S.–Bulgaria intergovernmental agreement, signed during an IAEA conference, includes provisions for civil nuclear support, U.S. lab participation in feasibility studies, and potential funding via the U.S. Trade and Development Agency.

And why does Bulgaria’s Embracing of SMR’s Matter?

Energy stability with low emissions, economic & industrial uplift, and supply chain integration will all see a productive impact.

Bulgaria already generates ~⅓ of its electricity with two VVER‑1000 units and is building two AP1000 reactors at Kozloduy. SMRs will deliver reliable, clean baseload power while supporting grid flexibility.

These reactor platforms can energise new data centres, AI hubs, gigafactories, and hydrogen facilities, turning Bulgaria into a regional innovation powerhouse.

With local industry players in the JV, Bulgarian firms are poised to join the global SMR value chain, boosting domestic jobs and capabilities.

GE Vernova’s BWRX‑300 is already under construction in Canada, and the technology is attracting interest in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, and Romania, underscoring its momentum across Europe.

Bulgaria’s approach is both balanced and strategic, maintaining large-core reactors at Kozloduy while advancing agile, low-carbon SMRs to complement and diversify its nuclear capacity.

With active engagement from U.S.-based U.S. national labs and financial channels, Bulgaria is aligning global nuclear expertise with local readiness, ensuring a well-rounded deployment pathway.

In conclusion

Bulgaria’s nuclear vision is crystal clear – harmonising legacy nuclear strengths with cutting edge SMR innovation to forge a resilient, clean, and future-ready energy system. With its cross-border partnerships, industrial leadership, and technology-forward mindset, Bulgaria is positioning itself to become a beacon of nuclear excellence in Southeastern Europe and a potential model for global SMR deployment.

If you want a deeper dive into BWRX‑300 safety features, licensing trajectories, or how SMRs integrate with national energy frameworks, we’d love to hear from you.

Sources: nucnet.org, bta.bg, gbs-bg.com, neimagazine.com, economic.bg, world-nuclear-news.org

Picture: Bulgarian Energy Ministry

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NRC Extends Clinton and Dresden Licenses to 2050

Constellation Energy has secured a major regulatory victory, with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) granting 20-year license renewals for Clinton Unit 1 and Dresden Units 2 and 3, marking crucial milestones in the ongoing push to sustain and extend nuclear power’s contribution to the energy mix.

Beginning with the Nuclear Engineering International article on “Life ex for Clinton and Dresden,” we learn these Illinois reactors, once slated for shutdown, are now cleared to operate well into mid-century; Clinton until 2047, Dresden 2 until 2049, and Dresden 3 until 2051. This regulatory win caps a comprehensive assessment of safety, equipment integrity, and environmental impacts, essential benchmarks underpinning the renewals.

Behind the scenes, Constellation has invested more than $370 million across both sites, upgrading transformers, chillers, feedwater systems, and polisher units to enhance reliability, efficiency, and safety standards. These upgrades are not just technical necessities; they signal a strategic bet on nuclear’s enduring role in clean energy portfolios, and bolster grid stability.

The nuclear project also embodies broader economic and social benefits. These extended licenses help safeguard over 2,200 family-sustaining jobs and preserve nearly $8.1 billion in federal, state, and local tax revenues. Furthermore, a landmark 20-year power purchase agreement with Meta provides Clinton with essential revenue certainty following the sunset of Illinois’ Zero Emission Credit (ZEC) scheme in 2027. These contracts are emblematic of how corporate partnerships are reshaping the economic viability of nuclear operations.

The NucNet report emphasises how this trio of license renewals adds to a growing cohort, thirteen reactors secured multi-decade extensions in 2025 alone, offering over 12 GW of sustained, carbon-free energy capacity for roughly 10 million homes. This reflects a concerted effort by the NRC to streamline approvals and underscore long-term energy resilience.

Finally, the Constellation press release reiterates the NRC’s commitment not only to stringent safety standards but also to process efficiency. With these decisions, Clinton and Dresden are poised to supply clean, dependable power while underpinning local economies and preserving critical industry talent.

By extending these plants into the 2040s and 2050s, Constellation is demonstrating that nuclear can successfully compete in today’s energy markets, especially when backed by regulatory foresight, strategic capital investment, and future-facing offtake agreements.

This story offers rich insight for nuclear careers professionals; maintaining existing fleet infrastructure represents a pivotal career pathway, as nuclear operators, regulators, and suppliers drive the twin missions of extension and modernisation.

Sources: constellation energy, energyonline.com, nucnet.org, power-eng.com, neimagazine.com, nrc.gov

Picture: Constellation

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Sweden Seeks State Aid for New Nuclear Reactors

In a decisive move to reignite Sweden’s nuclear ambitions, Videberg Kraft AB, backed by state-owned Vattenfall and a coalition of leading industrial players through Industrikraft, is leading the charge for a new era of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) on the country’s west coast.

On December 23, Videberg Kraft formally submitted its application to the Swedish government, seeking state-backed financing and risk-sharing support under Sweden’s newly established nuclear aid framework.

This marks the first such application under groundbreaking legislation, enacted in August 2025, which enables state loans and two-way Contracts for Difference to de-risk next-generation nuclear projects within the EU regulatory paradigm. The proposed site is the Värö Peninsula at Ringhals, once home to four reactors, two of which are now slated for renewal with SMRs capable of delivering around 1,500 MW.

Industrial heavyweight commitment is shaping the project’s financing structure. Industrikraft, a consortium including Saab, Volvo, Alfa Laval, ABB, Hitachi Energy, and others, is acquiring a 20 % stake in Videberg Kraft, signalling robust private-sector investment and portfolio diversification away from fossil-intensive power. This strategic alignment not only strengthens risk-sharing but also reflects a shared imperative; clean, stable energy underpinning electrification of heavy industries like steel, chemicals, and transport.

Currently, the project team is evaluating two cutting-edge SMR technologies, GE Vernova/Hitachi’s BWRX‑300 and Rolls‑Royce’s modular design. A final choice between five BWRX‑300 or three Rolls‑Royce units is expected in 2026, with deployment following through in phases targeting a total of 1,500 MW and perhaps even more, with potential for an additional 1,000 MW in subsequent stages.

State involvement is a game-changer. The support model not only offers low-cost loans but also income stabilisation through two-way Contracts for Difference, a mechanism essential for securing investor confidence and compliance with EU state-aid rules. Already in dialogue with the European Commission, Sweden aims to replicate precedents set by Poland’s approved state-backed nuclear scheme.

Through this bold application, Sweden is sending a loud signal; nuclear power remains central to its vision of a 100 % fossil-free energy system. As Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson put it, “New fossil-free electricity production is critical for the electrification of Sweden’s transport and industry”. The move also reignites a conversation that once favoured a total nuclear phase-out, parliament reversed that decision in 2010, and now eight reactors remain in operation.

Videberg Kraft’s state aid application is more than a paper filing, it’s a strategic gambit to reshape Sweden’s electric grid, drive industrial decarbonisation, and leapfrog into modular nuclear innovation.

As negotiations with the Swedish government and the European Commission progress, the world will be watching whether this blend of public guarantee and private ambition delivers the next generation of clean, reliable power.

Sources: world-energy.org, oilprice.com, world-nuclear-news.org

Picture: XINHUA

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Seawater Uranium for Nuclear Fuel

Cropland uranium resources are finite, at today’s consumption rates, terrestrial deposits may last barely a century. But the oceans? They hold approximately 4.5 billion tonnes of uranium, enough to fuel nuclear power for millennia. Unlocking this vast potential demands technological breakthroughs and recent research is lighting the path.

Exploring the Seawater Solution

A recent Springer chapter outlines the challenges and progress in extracting uranium from seawater. Key barriers include ultralow uranium concentration (around 3.3 µg/L), competition from ions such as vanadium, fouling of adsorbents, and efficiency losses under harsh ocean conditions. Amidoxime-functionalised polymers have emerged as the benchmark due to their strong uranium-binding affinity and resilience, but issues remain in scaling up, maintaining high ligand density, and achieving cost-effective, durable sorbents.

Electrochemical Innovation: A Saltwater Harvesting Garage

In a press release from ACS Central Science, researchers report a significant breakthrough using electrocoated cloth electrodes. Carbon-fibre cloth was modified with amidoxime-functionalised polymers, creating a porous matrix that, under cyclic voltage in Bohai Sea water, captured around 12.6 mg U per gram of material over 24 days, three times faster than passive adsorption approaches. This innovation addresses the persistent challenge of surface area and active-site exposure, marrying chemical selectivity with electrochemical kinetics.

Biomimicry at Sea: Inspired by Nature

A team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences drew inspiration from the radial-pore architecture of Chinese sweetgum fruit to develop a hierarchically porous, spherical biomimetic adsorbent. Mimicking natural channels that efficiently transport fluids, the material achieved a 213 % increase in uranium uptake and a 150 % improvement in selectivity over competing ions like vanadium and iron in real seawater tests. Fine-tuning pore size and density based on simulation insights enabled remarkable control over performance.

These pioneering approaches, amidoxime polymers, electrochemical cloth, and biomimetic frameworks, signal a pivotal evolution in nuclear fuel strategy.

  • Efficiency Takes the Lead: Biomimetic pore design and electric field-driven adsorption drastically improve mass transport, overcoming decades-old limitations.
  • Durability and Regeneration: Reusable sorbents that resist fouling, particularly in salty ocean environments, mark progress toward economically viable deployment.
  • Nature-Inspired Innovation: Biomimicry not only accelerates ion access but also enhances selectivity, spotlighting the potential of bio-inspired materials science in energy applications.
  • Multidisciplinary Approaches: The fusion of materials chemistry, electrical engineering, and computational modelling exemplifies modern nuclear fuel R&D.

The Broader Implication

Harvesting uranium from seawater isn’t just an academic exercise, it’s a strategic imperative. These technologies promise to decouple nuclear energy from geopolitically volatile terrestrial sources while minimising environmental impact from mining. As uranium scarcity looms, scalable marine extraction could sustain and expand low-carbon nuclear power globally.

For nuclear professionals, these breakthroughs offer a powerful lesson, the future belongs not only to advances in reactor design or regulatory reform, but also to creative, cross-sector synergies where chemistry meets biology, where electrochemistry confronts ocean science, and where ambition meets ingenuity.

Sources; Springer, ACS, Science News Today.

Picture: chemistryviews.org

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Kazakhstan Builds Nuclear Fuel Cycle to Power Its Energy Future

From uranium mining to high-tech fuel assembly and reactor projects, the nation is positioning itself as a global leader in nuclear technology and innovation.

Kazakhstan is rapidly transforming its role in the global nuclear industry, moving beyond uranium mining to develop a full high-tech fuel cycle.

At the heart of this shift is the Ulba Metallurgical Plant in East Kazakhstan, which has recently undergone major modernisation. A new automated inspection line now checks uranium fuel pellets with micrometre precision at a rate of three pellets per second, ensuring exceptional quality and consistency.

Alongside this, fuel assembly production has expanded to 300 tonnes annually, while the Ulba-TVS facility has reached its design capacity of 200 tonnes of uranium per year. These upgrades position Kazakhstan as a reliable supplier of nuclear fuel for both domestic and international markets.

This progress aligns with the country’s long-term energy ambitions. Despite being the world’s leading uranium producer, Kazakhstan has historically lacked nuclear power generation. That is changing.

Plans are underway for several nuclear power plants, including a major project with Russia’s Rosatom featuring two Generation III+ reactors with a combined capacity of 2.4 GW, expected to launch around 2035. Additional projects with Chinese partners are also in development.

Safety remains a priority, with site selection in the Almaty region emphasising robust passive and active safety systems informed by lessons from Fukushima and Chernobyl. Efforts to minimise radioactive waste are integral to these plans.

Beyond power generation, Kazakhstan is building an innovation ecosystem. Two nuclear-focused science cities are planned in Almaty and Kurchatov, leveraging the expertise of the Institute of Nuclear Physics and the National Nuclear Centre.

The country is also expanding into nuclear medicine, exporting technetium-99 radiopharmaceuticals, and exploring fuel conversion and enrichment technologies. This strategy reflects a shift from volume to value, aiming to create a comprehensive nuclear hub that supports energy security and global decarbonisation goals.

For professionals in the nuclear sector, these developments signal a surge in opportunities, from fuel fabrication and reactor construction to research, regulatory compliance, and medical applications. Kazakhstan’s vision to 2050 is clear: to evolve from a uranium supplier into a global leader in nuclear technology and innovation.

Picture: Akorda

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Eagle Energy Metals and Uranium Mining

US Uranium: A Strategic Comeback.

The US uranium sector is experiencing a resurgence, driven by energy security concerns, policy support, and a renewed focus on domestic supply chains. Companies like Eagle Energy are positioning themselves at the centre of this revival, leveraging administrative tailwinds and market dynamics to strengthen America’s nuclear fuel independence.

Key Drivers Behind the Uranium Revival include energy security: geopolitical tensions and supply chain vulnerabilities have highlighted the need for reliable domestic uranium production. Policy momentum: federal initiatives and incentives are creating a favourable environment for uranium miners and nuclear fuel processors. And, finally, market opportunity: Rising global demand for nuclear power, both traditional reactors and emerging SMRs, requires stable fuel sources.

Eagle Energy’s leadership emphasises that this is not just about mining, it’s about building a strategic ecosystem that supports the next generation of nuclear technology. From exploration to enrichment, the US aims to reduce reliance on foreign suppliers and secure its role in the global energy transition.

This shift opens doors for professionals across multiple domains:

  • Mining & Processing: Geologists, engineers, and environmental specialists will be critical in scaling sustainable uranium production.
  • Regulatory & Compliance: Expertise in safety standards and environmental stewardship will be in high demand.
  • Advanced Fuel Cycle Innovation: Scientists and technologists will drive breakthroughs in fuel fabrication for SMRs and advanced reactors.

The US uranium comeback is more than a market trend, it’s a career-defining opportunity for those ready to align with energy security and innovation.

As the US accelerates its uranium strategy to power the next wave of nuclear innovation, how will you position your skills to lead in this evolving landscape?

Picture: Eagle Energy Metals
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Doel 2 in Belgium to Close

The End of an Era: Doel 2 Retires After 50 Years.

This month marks a historic moment in Europe’s energy landscape: Belgium has officially shut down the Doel 2 nuclear reactor after five decades of operation. Commissioned in 1975, Doel 2 has been a cornerstone of Belgium’s electricity supply, contributing to energy security and carbon reduction for half a century.

The closure is part of Belgium’s nuclear phase-out policy, which aims to gradually replace nuclear power with renewables. While this decision reflects political and environmental priorities, it also raises critical questions about energy resilience, skills transition, and the future of nuclear expertise in Europe.

  • Legacy and Lessons: Doel 2’s retirement underscores the durability and reliability of nuclear technology. Few energy assets operate effectively for 50 years.
  • Skills Challenge: As reactors close, experienced professionals face career crossroads. Their expertise in operations, safety, and maintenance is invaluable—but where will it go?
  • Global Contrast: While Belgium phases out, other nations are scaling up. China’s Xudabao 4 and the UK’s modular construction projects show nuclear innovation is thriving elsewhere.

The skills honed in traditional plants like Doel 2 remain relevant—but they must evolve to meet the demands of modular innovation. For professionals, this shift means new roles in design, off-site fabrication, logistics, and digital engineering.

The nuclear sector is at a crossroads. As some countries retire reactors, others invest in next-generation technologies. For talent, this is not the end—it’s a transformation. Those who adapt will lead the clean energy revolution.

As the industry pivots from legacy plants to modular builds and fusion breakthroughs, how will you position your career to stay ahead?

Picture: Electrabel

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Microsoft is First tech Firm to Join WNA

Microsoft joins the World Nuclear Association (WNA), and this seems like a huge milestone for the nuclear sector. When it comes to carbon-free energy technology utilisation, this is exciting!

When you think of one of the world’s leading, most highly thought of and expert tech companies, you combine that with the nuclear sectors’ track-record of delivery, it’s a brilliant strategic moment.

To meet the demands and needs of the digital economy there really is only one energy source that will keep pace, nuclear. We have ambitious climate goals coupled with an increasing demand where technology usage is concerned, and not enough power for renewable alone to handle.

Nuclear energy will be the main, consistent and reliable source for us to rely on, and we will wait to see who else follows Microsoft’s lead.

Picture: World Nuclear Association

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ENEC-KEPCO to Advance Nuclear Energy & AI

An MoU has been signed between Emirates Nuclear Energy Company (ENEC) and Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO).

This agreement will extend the cooperation between the two for the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE) and the Republic of Korea’s civil nuclear fleets.

After successfully delivering the Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant this new MoU will further their strategic relationship aiding towards joint assessment of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), reactor systems, safety research, waste management, and fuel cycle transformation.

The AI and digital part of the agreement will include AI-driven maintenance, digital twins, machine learning, and plant optimisation.

Picture: ENEC

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Holtec at Times Square

“Mega-billion” nuclear construction programme needs private investment and the public markets to support Holtec’s SMR-300 reactors.

Set to be repowered by the end of 2025, the Palisades Energy plant in Michigan will officially return to operational status.

This is a significant milestone in global nuclear energy news and is making strong progress towards achieving this goal.

The executive team were in New York City to celebrate Climate Week back in September this year with the Holtec team highlighted for its dedication to clean energy.

Visit this link; https://holtecinternational.com/2025/09/29/hh-40-21/

Picture: Holtec

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